Battle of Kursk

In the winter and spring of 1943, after their terrible defeat in Stalingrad, clearly outnumbered and losing the initiative in the eastern front, Hitler and the German High Command were asking themselves what to do next, in the summer of 1943. The situation was bad not only in the war front. While Russian tank production increased to unbelievable levels, the German obsession for complex new super weapons, like the advanced but then immature Panther and Tiger tanks, largely reduced German tank production. General Guderian, the best German armor expert and commander, said â€Å"As interesting as these designs were, the practical result was just a reduced production of the Panzer 4, our only efficient tank then, to a very modest level. â€Å". Shortly before the battle of Kursk Guderian added, about the Panther and its crews, â€Å"They are simply not ready yet for the front†. In early 1943 the Germans were about to destroy their own tank production rates by terminating Panzer 4 production in return for a production of just 25 new Tigers per month, but at a moment of reason Hitler gave control of tank production to Guderian who stopped this idea. The German plan The debate in the German High Command about what to do in the summer of 1943 was between two options, the realistic option and the enthusiast-optimist option: * The realistic option, supported by Guderian and Manstein, the best German field commanders, and by others, suggested to compensate for the large Russian numerical advantage by fully utilizing the superiority of the German commanders and soldiers in tactics, command, and fighting, by a strategy of dynamic mobile defense that would cause great losses to the Russians in a series of local clashes. The realistic goal was to stop and delay the Russians, as decisive victory was no longer achievable. * The enthusiast-optimistic option, proposed by General Zeitzler, chief of staff of the German army, suggested to concentrate almost all German tanks, and other forces, to a major decisive battle against a large portion of the Russian armor, in order to destroy them and by doing so hopefully regain the initiative. The most suitable place for such a battle, as Zeitzler proposed, was the Kursk salient, a wide region around the city of Kursk, about half way between Moscow and the black sea, where the Germans surrounded the Russians from three sides. It was obvious that the Russians will keep a large tank force there, and the plan was to encircle them in a classic Blitzkrieg style pincer movement of German tanks from North and South and destroy them. Zeitzler's plan was code named Operation Citadel. When Hitler discussed the two options with his Generals on May 4th, exactly two months before the German attack began, it became clear that each of the two options had a major problem. The major problem with Zeitzler's plan to attack the Kursk salient, was that aerial photos clearly revealed that the Russians were building dense and deep fortifications there in order to counter such an attack, and that many Russian tanks were moved deeper behind the front line. Instead of an open battlefield Blitzkrieg, it was going to be a direct charge on dense anti-tank defenses. General von Mellenthin warned that such a direct attack will be a â€Å"Totenritt†, a ride to death, for the German tanks. In response to Guderian's worries, Hitler himself admitted that whenever he think of this planned attack, his guts turn. The major problem with Guderian's option was that it lacked the charm, enthusiasm, and optimistic hope for a major change in the war that Zeitzler's plan had. So the enthusiast Hitler decided in favor of Zeitzler's plan, and calmed his worries of it by ordering to delay the attack for a while in order to incorporate more of the brand new advanced German tanks and tank destroyers in it. The date was set to July 4, 1943. Once the order was given, the Germans prepared as best as they could. The entire region was photographed from above, the German commanders visited the front line to observe their intended routes, and the Germans concentrated all available forces in two armies, North and South of the Kursk salient, leaving minimal forces along the rest of the long Russian front. The German force included a total of 50 divisions, including 17 armor and mechanized divisions. These included the most powerful and best equipped German divisions, such as the Gross Deutschland (Great Germany) division and the Waffen-SS tank divisions Leibstandarte (Hitler's bodyguards), Totenkopf (Death skull), and Das Reich (The Reich). The Germans concentrated all their new armor, the Tiger and Panther tanks, and the mighty new Elefant tank destroyers, which had a front armor thicker than a battleship's armor. They also concentrated all available air units and artillery, and despite the problems of the German plan it was a formidable concentrated mobile armor force with great offensive potential. The Russian preparations Thanks to their â€Å"Lucy† spy network, which operated high ranking sources in Germany via Switzerland, the Russians didn't just expect the German attack, they knew all about it. They received the full details of the German plan, and the Russian military intelligence was able to verify most details in the front to ensure that the information was real, not disinformation. The Russians prepared eight defense lines one behind the other, and also positioned their entire strategic mobile reserve East of the Kursk salient, in case the Germans will penetrate thru all these defense lines, which indeed happened. The Russian plan was simple. First, they will let the Germans attack as planned right into their series of very dense defense lines, and after the German armor will be crushed there, the Russian army will start its strategic attack North and South of the Kursk salient and push the Germans West along a wide part of the front. The Russian defense was unprecedented in its density. A total of 1,300,000 Russian soldiers with 3600 tanks, 20,000 guns, including 6000 76mm anti-tank guns, and 2400 aircraft were concentrated in and around the Kursk salient. It was about a fifth of the Russian military personnel, over a third of the tanks and over 1/4 of the aircraft. They laid 3400 mines per each kilometer of the front, half of them anti-tank mines, and over 300,000 civilians dug thousands of kilometers of anti-tank trenches and other fortifications. The Russian lines were filled with numerous anti-tank guns organized in groups of up to 10, each group commanded by one officer and firing at the same target. The Russian camouflage was superb, the Germans said that until they were hit by them, they could identify neither the Russian mine fields nor their anti-tank gun positions. To avoid forcing the Germans to divert from their known plan, Russian air attacks were delayed until the German tanks already moved into the trap. The Russians were as ready as they could be. The battle of Kursk The German attack finally began, in the afternoon of July 4, 1943, as planned. The German armor spearheads, led by the most armored and most powerful Tigers and Elefants, advanced forward in the wheat fields toward the Russian lines. Then came wave after wave of anti-tank aircraft attacks by both sides, German Stukas attacked dug in Russian tanks and Russian Sturmoviks attacked the German tanks. The fighters of both sides engages in air combats over the battlefield, and each side's massive heavy artillery also fired. The advancing German tanks suffered rapidly increasing losses from the dense Russian anti-tank defenses, but pressed forward. Once the German heavy tanks reached into the Russian defense lines, they could finally be hit and destroyed from their sides, where they were not so armored as from the front. At this short range they also lost their superiority in long range firing from their powerful guns. In the North, the German attack advanced only 10km into the Russian lines in two days and was stopped, after losing about 25,000 soldiers and 200 tanks, but fighting continued. In the South, where they had stronger forces, the Germans sent all their reserves forward and pressed on despite the losses. On July 12, after a week of heavy fighting with heavy casualties in both sides, General Hoth, the German commander in the South side of the Kursk salient, decided to concentrate all his remaining tanks, about 600, and press forward with all their concentrated force deeper, past the last remaining Russian defense line, and into an area more suitable for tank warfare near the small village Prokhorovka. He didn't know that at this point in the battle, the Russian High Command already predicted this development, and since the German advance in the North was stopped, they could now safely send their armor reserve to meet the advancing German tanks in the South. The Russians ordered their entire 5th Guards tank army, which so far didn't participate in the battle, to hurry at maximum speed from its position East of Kursk to meet the German tanks advancing near Prokhorovka. Due to very bad visibility, with thick smoke and dust, when the Russian tanks met the German tanks the next morning, they didn't stop advancing until they were all around and between them, so about 1500 German and Russian tanks fought in a fierce battle of very short firing distances in which the Germans could not exploit their technological superiority in longer range fighting. The Germans lost more than half of their remaining tanks in this great clash which lasted eight hours, and the Russians lost greater numbers. The battle was decided. The next day Hitler ordered to stop Operation Citadel, and the Russians started their counter attack North of Kursk. After the battle The battlefield in Kursk was filled with many hundreds of burnt tanks and crashed aircraft, and so many dead soldiers. The difference was that while the Russians suffered heavy losses but could continue as planned and shift from defense to a large counter attack in a wide front, the German army in the East just lost the core of its remaining force. In the summer of 1941 the German army attacked Russia and was stopped only near Moscow. In the summer of 1942 the German army attacked in South Russia and reached the Volga river at Stalingrad before it was stopped, and lost the strategic initiative to the recovering Russian army. In the summer of 1943, in the battle of Kursk, the much weaker German army broke its fist and lost its best remaining units in its attempt to regain the initiative in one last major attack, for which the Russians were fully prepared. After the battle of Kursk, the war in the eastern front was a long Russian advance, in which the Russian army returned to all the territory it lost to the Germans, conquered all of Eastern Europe, and reached all the way to Germany and to Berlin and won the war. The Germans could no longer attack or stop the Russian advance, and were just pushed back in a long retreat.

How does Charles Dickens create an atmosphere of crime and death in ‘Great Expectations’?

In this essay, I will talk about how Charles Dickens creates an atmosphere of crime and death in ‘Great Expectations'. Charles Dickens was an English novelist of the Victorian era and was considered to be one of English language's greatest writers; he was acclaimed for his rich storytelling and memorable characters and achieved massive worldwide popularity in his lifetime. ‘Great Expectations' is a novel written and serially published from 1860 to 1861 in a magazine called ‘All Year Round'. Shortly after that, it was published as a complete novel. It was set during the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The Industrial Revolution brought in a major change in the economy and society resulting from the use of machines and the efficient production of goods. Charles Dickens begins the story in a graveyard. Immediately, we are introduced to the theme of death. The weather matches with the creepy setting. It links to death by using words like â€Å"raw afternoon†; the word â€Å"raw† suggests that it is painful. â€Å"Dark† suggests evil and death; and â€Å"flat† suggests something bleak. These words all enhance the gloomy setting. The main character Pip tells us about his parents and brothers who are buried in the graveyard. He lists the names of his brothers in a matter of fact way and this shocks us. â€Å"†¦and that Alexander, Barthlomew, Abraham, Tobias and Roger, infant children of the aforesaid, were also dead and buried†¦.† In the 1830s when the novel is set, half the babies died in infancy due to poor medical care and killer diseases which thrived in the appalling conditions within the society. Pip lists the names of his five dead brothers. This makes us think that the list is never-ending and highlights the presence of death. We are introduced to the theme of crime when an escaped convict by the name of Magwitch, jumps out from behind a gravestone at Pip. â€Å"Hold your noise!† At this point, he makes the reader feel frightened, as he starts to threaten Pip. Pip also sees a gibbet. â€Å"†¦a gibbet, with some chains hanging to it which once held a pirate.† A gibbet was where executed criminals were placed as a warning to others. It stands out on the horizon and looks particularly eerie in the gloomy night sky. Dickens personifies the sky to make it â€Å"angry†; the use of personification here alarms the reader because the sky feels extremely threatening. The sea is described as a â€Å"lair†; the use of the word â€Å"lair† suggests that the sea is a wild animal in a den. The wind comes rushing from the lair to get Pip. Pip becomes â€Å"a bundle of shivers†. The word â€Å"shivers† suggests fear and extreme cold, both of which and to an atmosphere of crime and death. In Chapter Three, Dickens describes the weather as a â€Å"rimy morning† and has Pip imagine a goblin that had been crying all night. This links to the guilt that Pip feels about the crime he has committed because he is upset and he feels like crying. â€Å"Rimy morning†, â€Å"very damp†, â€Å"damp lying on the bare hedges and sparegrass, like a coarser sort of spider's webs†, â€Å"the marsh-mist was so thick†, â€Å"the mist was heavier†¦.†, all these words tell us of darkness and crimes. Dickens uses a simile to compare about the â€Å"damp lying on the bare hedges†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dickens uses personification to enhance Pip's guilty conscience by using the weather, â€Å"the marsh-mist was thick† and â€Å"the marsh-mist was heavier†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The mist is clearly a metaphor for Pip's state of mind. He is literally finding it hard to find his way to the convict but also feels morally lost because of his crime. Dickens writes about a â€Å"wooden finger on the post†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dickens also uses personification to enhance Pip's guilty conscience at this point because he has committed a crime and he thinks that this signpost is telling him the only way he should go. â€Å"Like a phantom devoting me to the Hulks†, â€Å"that the wooden finger on the post†¦invisible to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dickens uses personification by heightening Pip's mind as he is confused about the whole situation. The signpost has turned into a ghastly accuser. As the confusion in Pip's mind races on, he sees an Ox which was black â€Å"with a white cravat†. This Ox of Pip's mind notices him with the pork pie and recognises that the pie is not his. â€Å"A boy with Somebody-else's pork pie! Stop him!†, â€Å"Holloa, young thief!† With its clerical air, the ox seems like a vicar, accusing him of sin. In the beginning of Chapter Eight, Dickens described the Satis House like a prison. It â€Å"was of old brick, and dismal, and had a great many iron bars to it. Some of the windows had been walled up; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred.† Iron bars are like prison bars and it is one of the places where you can't escape from. â€Å"There was also a large brewery† at the side of Satis House. This place was very idle. â€Å"There was also a large brewery. No brewing was going on in it, and none seemed to have gone on for a long long time†. Nothing growing in it signifies death and in this case, the large brewery consists of nothing but waiting death. At one point, Pip was beginning to feel cold as he went through the house. â€Å"The cold wind seemed to blow colder there, than outside the gate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This links to Pip's fear of going into the house. The more he has the feeling of becoming colder, the more he fears going into the house. He isn't really used to visiting anyone else's places except the graveyard and that's why he feels frightened of going in to the house. When Pip was about to meet Miss Havisham, Estella walked away from him and took the candle away with her. â€Å"This was very uncomfortable, and I was half afraid.† From Pip's point of view, he's afraid of the dark. He's always used to having light around him as he goes around but in this case, there was darkness; â€Å"No glimpse of daylight was to be seen in it†. This stresses the presence of evil and death. Pip is alone when he sees a woman in the dressing room in Satis House. â€Å"In an armchair, with an elbow resting on the table and her head leaning on that hand, sat the strangest lady I have ever seen, or shall ever see†, â€Å"†¦ â€Å"†¦she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white. Some bright jewels sparkled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . White is related to ghosts and ghosts come from death. She is rich with faded dresses and her house is very old. Miss Havisham is compared by Pip to a â€Å"skeleton† and a â€Å"waxwork†; the word â€Å"skeleton†, suggests that Miss Havisham could represent the presence of death. The â€Å"waxwork† suggests something that there is something about Miss Havisham which appears real but is not substantial. The â€Å"bridal flowers in her hair† compares with her white hair and obvious age suggests something eerie and bizarre. In Chapter Twenty, Pip travels to London to see Mr Jaggers in his office. â€Å"I was scared by the immensity of London; I think I might have had some faint doubts whether it was not rather ugly, crooked, narrow and dirty.† Pip has never been to London before and he was so used to living in the Marshes, he had no idea what London might look like, as in that time, London was the busiest, most crowded towns of England. Pip goes into Mr Jaggers' room and was fascinated by what he sees in it. â€Å"Mr Jaggers' room was lighted by a skylight only, and was a most dismal place†. When the novel was set, electricity wasn't really invented at that time and the only light rooms receive is the daylight. â€Å"The skylight, eccentrically patched like a broken head, and the distorted adjoining houses looked as if they had twisted themselves to peep down at me through it.† Pip is intimidated by what he sees as he has never been to an office before. Pip also sees â€Å"some odd objects about†. The skylight is personified as a victim of an assault. â€Å"Old rusty pistol†; this suggests that Mr Jaggers is a criminal and has done many crimes with the â€Å"pistol† in the past. â€Å"A sword in a scabbard†; this suggests that he is very protective of his special possessions. â€Å"Several strange-looking boxes and packages†; this suggests that there might be a few hidden surprises that Mr Jaggers doesn't want people to know yet. â€Å"Two dreadful casts on a shelf, of faces peculiarly swollen and twitchy about the nose†; this also suggests that he is very interested in dice as to see in how it was created. Pip has also never seen these kinds of objects before in his life and he too, gets fascinated as he looks into them. Pip says that Jaggers' chair is like a â€Å"coffin†. We have a mental image of Jaggers emerging like a vampire from the coffin. Pip's experiences of the law are linked to Dickens's life: his father had been imprisoned for debt and he had been a court journalist and law clerk. The choice of settings such as the frightening graveyard and the introduction of dark characters such as the sinister convict, Magwitch create the atmosphere of crime and death. Dark weather creates a sense of crime and death in a lot of scenes. Charles Dickens sums up this novel as a crime and death genre. It is also a mixture of crime and horror as well as crime and death. A drunken court official offers to show Pip a public hanging place. This sickened Pip just as it did Dickens who campaigned against such humiliating events and wanted them to be banned. Dickens spent his life campaigning against poverty, crime and death. There was crime and death everywhere all around his time and he chose this genre to make his readers aware of these and to the fact that poverty played an important part which caused high crime rate resulting in unfortunate deaths.

The schedule of college students causes them to eat unhealthy foods at awkward hours which makes them unhealthy and obese Free Essay Example, 2000 words

It is easy for them to live a life using things that come in handy. Though it should not be by putting one’s health and life at stake, students feel it is fun to eat out and have some good time with cohorts and peers without caring for the effects and consequences of poor diet (Anne Ng p. 2). When college students are stressed about exams they consume junk food like ice cream in between study sessions as a comfort food. Students feel that good tasting food has an overwhelming impact on the brain and enhances the complete well being of the person. Students binge on junk food and noodles because they taste good and are inexpensive. Junk or unhealthy food is a quick fix for students who have crammed schedules. Further students do not wish to remain hungry and tired and therefore they access ready made food from the nearest corner or vending machine. These factors like time, exam stress and cheap food does not give rise to the idea of self cooking nutritious food among college st udents, they rather stick to unhealthy food to overcome the hunger at any time (Top 5 College Student Stressors). College life is a new environment and students feel difficult in balancing their life with higher education, social pressures and food habits. We will write a custom essay sample on The schedule of college students causes them to eat unhealthy foods at awkward hours which makes them unhealthy and obese or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The extreme change in life style leads to a change in food habits and students become obese. The Freshman 15 stigma clearly indicates why it is difficult for college students to maintain their study life and food habits. The change in day schedule at the colleges affects eating and students do not have adequate time to exercise. Inadequacy of time is due to all nighters to complete projects and study for exams (Malinauskas et al). College student have the habit of eating late at night because they do not have enough time during the day. The time may be 12 am and the food they chose is usually fast food, junk food and friend food. The habit of eating unhealthy food is an outcome of eating disorders and diet changes. Eating habits change when student attend college because the eating time varies according to the college schedule. Students mostly depend on college cafeterias, buffets, unhealthy snacks and round the clock restaurants that tempt them to over eat and discourage them to choose healthy food. Stress and inadequate money also deprives students from eating the right food. Students deprived of eating food at the right time end up eating junk food at odd times such as 2 a m and are confident that they have good metabolism. But this kind of eating habits takes its toll in the long term.

Impacts Of Sustainability On Business - 1347 Words

This essay examines the impact of sustainability on business. A sustainable system generally can be defined in environmental terminology as a living system which operates in a way that it does not use up resources more quickly than they can be naturally replenished; a sustainable economic system operates in a way so that expenditures are either equal or less than the income. Sustainable social systems maintain that all members are allowed to contribute, thereby synthesizing the final product. Corporate sustainability alludes to an organization s exercises, wilful by definition, showing the incorporation of social and natural worries in business operations and in associations with stakeholders. Each individual association ought to pick its own specific objectives and methodologies as they relate to corporate sustainability, coordinating the association s points and aims and adjusting to the association s procedure, as a suitable reaction to the conditions in which it capacities. Sustainable business associations take an interest in naturally neighbourly or green practices so as to verify that all procedures, items, and assembling exercises adequately address current ecological concerns while as yet holding a profit. Concurrently, it is a business that addresses the issues of the present world without bargaining the capacity without bounds eras to meet their own needs. It is the system for assessing how to plan items that will compare to current ecological conditionsShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Sustainability On The Business World And Professional Business Communication1253 Words   |  6 PagesHow Sustainability Is Used In the Business World and Professional Business Communication When talking about sustainability numerous people associate it with just protecting the environment. Sustainability is far more than going green, but it is a principle that many companies have adopted and have worked persistently to improve over the last several years. 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Cyber Ethics Rules for Using the Web Essay - 1123 Words

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Accoring to Radnofsky and Vuko (2004) we can do these things to educate kids on cyber crimes: Educate yourself about the dangers (identity theft, illegal purchases, hacking, cyberstalkers, scam artists, phishers, viruses, worms...) because ignoring these computer crimes unfortunately wont make them go away. Learn the cyber vocabulary. There are new words out there, meaningful to your children. Make sure you understand the lingo. Talk with your kids about cyberprivacy safety --- personal, family, emotional, physical. Talk about ethics morality with the family. Establish an agreement as to what all of you believe, (make sure its legal!), and stick to it. Question your childrens schools and teachers as to what --- if anything --- they are doing in cyberethics. This has national standards that are required to be taught, just like standards in reading and math. 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Investigation Volkswagen Emissions Scandal -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Investigation Volkswagen Emissions Scandal? Answer: Introduction Service quality can be understood as a type of attitude that is associated with consumer retention and satisfaction (Bakti and Sumaedi 2015). This is for the reason that the consumers prefer employing certain criteria in analyzing service quality through analyzing reliability, assurance, responsiveness, physical aspects along with empathy. The objective of this paper is to analyze the service quality failure in a renowned car manufacturing company named Volkswagen through describing a scenario. It will also analyze the companys service recovery program along with the strategies employed by the company in such incident. The report will also provide recommendations for sustaining consumer loyalty accounting with retention strategy for Volkswagen. Volkswagen is a renowned automobile manufacturer and carmaker all over Europe. The organization is observed to develop components and vehicles for its brands (Blackwelder et al. 2016). The company has its headquarter in Germany and offers auto mobiles and commercial vehicles in Australia and all over the world. Service Process Map SERVEQUAL Model of service quality that is indicated below for Volkswagen recognizes the causes for which gaps were identified in the service offered by the car manufacturing company (Burki 2015). This model has facilitated in identifying gaps between consumer perceptions and expectations that has risen during a service delivery by the automobile company. Through analyzing this model it can be said that Volkswagen failed in providing consumers with superior service of vehicle emission system. Vehicle Emission Scandal of the company was observed to be one of its biggest and expensive project blunders all across the world. The company decided to show qualities of reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy towards being environmentally conscious before launching emission free vehicles (Castille and Fultz 2018). The consumers expected to have emission free cars from Volkswagen that can address the issue of heath concerns caused by the pollutants emitted by most cars. However, the consumers perceived service quality was totally negative than the expected service quality. This is for the reason that few employees of the company realized that some cars might not pass the test of maximum "NO" production level and they decided to cheat. The employees of the company did this through installing a defeat device within the engine of the cars. Such intelligent software device could detect the time when an automobile was about to undergo some test and would make its engine to decrease NO emissions (Jiang et al. 2016). However, when these cars were put into the real-world conditions it world return back to its old and environment damaging ways. The figure below indicates the service process map of Volkswagen. It indicates the process through which the automobile company decided to offer Emission free vehicles to its consumers (Jung, Chilton and Valero 2017). From this process, it can be observed that the company failed in system inspection and testing, staff training, consumer system inspection and factory testing before offering such service. Service marketing and quality management strategies of Volkswagen to attain consumer satisfaction were totally disastrous because of the reason that the companys emission system failed (Kennedy 2016). The company might have easily manufactured their cars in an ethical manner but they decided not to do the same. They took decisions to offer poor quality service relied on anticipated profit margins. The project team could have installed the necessary parts but they deemed that to be highly expensive and decided to install a defeat system. Volkswagen put more emphasis on cost in comparis on to quality and this resulted in downfall of consumer satisfaction due to negative publicity of the company. Analysis The emissions scandal of Volkswagen Company indicates a big service quality failure for the company because of which it lost a huge loyal consumer base. The company decided to deal with competitive pressures, cost control and pressure of increasing profit margin through cheating and offering inferior service quality. The company failed to meet expected consumer quality of offering emission less cars and automobiles (Tse et al. 2017). Such service quality strategy failure was because of the reason that diesel-model cars of Volkswagen came with a price of cheat software. Such software can detect when emission test is run on the cars and ran the engine in order to address the emission standards. While being in the on-testing mode and when such cars run-on-roads they almost emitted pollutants 10 times the limit. The consumers expected superior service from its cars and believed its exceptional practices, innovativeness quality and unquestionable quality. However, the company decided to c ompromise the quality of its cars and failed to attain consumer retention (Volkswagenag.com. 2018). Such service quality failure resulted in gap among consumer expectations and perceptions regarding Volkswagen cars for more than three years. Thereafter, recently the company has entered the Austrian market with its innovative clean diesel model named Jetta. Volkswagen is now striving to position its newly manufactured cars as environmental show stopper and Green car of the year. The automobile companys diesel emission scandal damaged its reputation all over the world. As per the Australian Consumer Satisfaction Index Automobile report few consumer expectation and perception auditing towards the company has been recognized (Bakti and Sumaedi 2015). From such report and the graph above it is gathered that Volkswagens consumer satisfaction score decreased gradually from 100 to 78 that is lower in comparison to other car brands. The decline of the companys brand image resulted in decrease of overall consumer satisfaction for the companys cars. From such service quality failure, 86% of the Volkswagen drivers were concerned regarding the environmental effect of their vehicle, 83% of them questioned about its resale value and 73% doubted the performance of their cars (Jung, Chilton and Valero 2017). Most of the companys consumers stated that they will put off purchasing a diesel car from Volkswagen in the upcoming years. Recommendation and Service Recovery Strategy The recommended actions that the company, Volkswagen, might undertake in order to bring in improvement in the service quality of the emission free car are being discussed in this section of the report. Undertaking a market research for determining the trends and the requirements of the customers for an environment friendly car Bring forth modifications in the design of the cars in order to make them more like the emission free cars. Modification helps in determining the progress of the organization in the fields of quality. Quality of the product helps in determining the brand loyalty and is reflected through the performance of the organization in the market. A clear and steady promotional strategy for ensuring the customers with the quality of the product that is being delivered as per the requirement of the clients. Promotional strategy helps in communicating with the customers of the organization and makes them aware of the changes that are undertaken by the organization in order to enhance the quality. The proper communication helps in linking the stakeholders of the organization and thereby brings in integrated and smooth functioning of the enterprise. The proper understanding of the factors that affected the growth of the company and the modifications in the design of the no-emission car must be ensured. Monitoring over the products that are being manufactured by the organization. It helps in maintaining the quality of the products and results to customer satisfaction. The modifications that the organization must undertake are based on the requirements of the customers of an environment friendly car. On the other hand, the company must also ensure the quality of the cars based on their campaign of no-emission vehicle and its applicability. It will be helping the organization in retaining the trust of the customers in the market. Conclusion The objective of this paper was to analyze the service quality failure in a renowned car manufacturing company named Volkswagen through describing a scenario. It also analyzed the companys service recovery program along with the strategies employed by the company in such incident. It is gathered from analysis in the report that the Company decided to show qualities of reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy towards being environmentally conscious before launching emission free vehicles. However, the perceived service quality was totally negative than the expected service quality by the consumers. This is for the reason that few employees of the company realized that some cars might not pass the test of maximum "NO" production level and they decided to cheat. Considering same, certain effective recommendations and service recovery strategies are also provided for the company in improving its service quality. This can further facilitate the company in retaining its consumers . Monitoring over the products that are being manufactured by the organization is recommended. It helps in maintaining the quality of the products and results to customer satisfaction. The modifications that the organization must undertake are based on the requirements of the customers of an environment friendly car. References Bakti, I.G.M.Y. and Sumaedi, S., 2015. P-TRANSQUAL: a service quality model of public land transport services.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,32(6), pp.534-558. Blackwelder, B., Coleman, K., Colunga-Santoyo, S., Harrison, J.S. and Wozniak, D., 2016. The Volkswagen Scandal. Burki, T.K., 2015. Diesel cars and health: the Volkswagen emissions scandal.The Lancet Respiratory Medicine,3(11), pp.838-839. Castille, C. and Fultz, A., 2018, January. How Does Collaborative Cheating Emerge? A Case Study of the Volkswagen Emissions Scandal. InProceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Jiang, K., Hu, J., Hong, Y., Liao, H. and Liu, S., 2016. Do it well and do it right: The impact of service climate and ethical climate on business performance and the boundary conditions.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(11), p.1553. Jung, K., Chilton, K. and Valero, J.N., 2017. Uncovering stakeholders in publicprivate relations on social media: a case study of the 2015 Volkswagen scandal.Quality Quantity,51(3), pp.1113-1131. Kennedy, S., 2016. Corporate Sustainability Green Cities. Smith, J. and Palmqvist, J., 2016. Economics: ImpossibleCSR Protocol: A quantitative study of brand trust and the Big Five personalities. Strittmatter, A. and Lechner, M., 2017. Sorting on the Used-Car Market After the Volkswagen Emission Scandal. Teeroovengadum, V., Kamalanabhan, T.J. and Seebaluck, A.K., 2016. Measuring service quality in higher education: Development of a hierarchical model (HESQUAL).Quality Assurance in Education,24(2), pp.244-258. Tse, Y.K., Zhang, M., Doherty, B., Chappell, P., Moore, S.R. and Keefe, T., 2017. Exploring the hidden pattern from tweets: Investigation into Volkswagen emissions scandal. InSupply Chain Management in the Big Data Era(pp. 172-198). IGI Global. Volkswagenag.com., 2018.Volkswagen Group Homepage. [online] Available at: https://www.volkswagenag.com/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

The Sights and Sounds of High School free essay sample

The stern voices of teachers are heard across quads as they issue JUG to moronic students for the most immature offenses. D) The trees as they sway wistfully in the wind. E) And the crows mocking students that pass by. Walking down the hall today, I heard many interesting sounds. The wind is blowing through the trees causing them to sway back and forth wistfully as if herding students back through the gateway of learning.The irritating laugh of rows is heard from the trees as if mocking students that pass by. The sound of heavy footsteps are heard around the corner as slow, exhausted students enter the quad somewhat ready for the exciting day of learning that is ahead of them. Lockers creak open and slam shut as students retrieve their things for class. Young freshmen are heard screaming their high, ear-splitting screeches which echo throughout the halls.The stern voices of teachers are heard across the quad as they issue JUG to moronic students who have omitted the most immature offenses against school rules, and those same students pleading voices as they try to squirm and squeal their way out of after school detention. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sights and Sounds of High School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The sound of students taking part in heated debates about the most recent presidential election are scattered around campus among many students. As if they were political pundits who could truly forecast the future of our country. These are only few of the interesting sounds of a typical day at Jesuit High School.